In a previous study we reported that beta-carotene solubilized in tetr
ahydrofuran (THF) is toxic for human colonic tumor cells in vitro usin
g media containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Cytotoxicity was eviden
t using beta-carotene concentrations that are achieved in human serum
as a result of supplementation with 30 mg beta-carotene/day. In an att
empt to determine the mechanism for this toxicity we investigated the
effect of beta-carotene when present in human serum as a result of die
tary supplementation. This effect was compared to that observed for ce
lls incubated in THF-solubilized beta-carotene. The results indicate t
hat human serum from subjects with a high concentration of beta-carote
ne is not cytotoxic. Subsequent analysis revealed that in contrast to
the results using FCS, THF-solubilized beta-carotene is not cytotoxic
in the presence of human serum. In addition, the effect observed with
FCS is blunted with increasing FCS concentration from greater than or
equal to 90% cytotoxicity using 10% FCS to 36% using 100% FCS. The dif
ference in results obtained using FCS and human serum may be due to a
serum component that is relatively lacking in FCS as compared to human
serum.