The intense and ongoing debate on physicians' right to refuse requeste
d life-prolonging medical interventions highlights one of the emerging
problems in modem medicine: the limits, if any, to a patient (or prox
y's) claim to requested treatment. How is the physician to respond to
requests for treatment believed by the physician to be futile, ineffec
tive, or inappropriate? Three cases, Baby L, the extracorporeal membra
ne oxygenation (ECMO) baby, and Baby K, help focus the ethical and leg
al issues in this debate.