For the last half century, a large proportion of the developing world
and all of the socialist world relied on state-owned enterprises to ac
celerate industrial production and investment. That strategy, which ma
y be labeled ''state-led industrialization'', is now in tatters, with
dozens of countries undertaking programs of massive privatization. The
theoretical literature is helpful in explaining the collapse of state
-led industrialization, but it does not address more adequate early pe
rformance of the strategy in the 1950s and 1960s. The historical exper
ience suggests the need for a dynamic approach to state-led industrial
ization. This paper offers several hypotheses for a dynamic theory.