STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF NUCLEOTIDE COENZYME SPECIFICITY IN THE DISTINCTIVE DINUCLEOTIDE BINDING FOLD OF HMG-COA REDUCTASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS-MEVALONII
Ja. Friesen et al., STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF NUCLEOTIDE COENZYME SPECIFICITY IN THE DISTINCTIVE DINUCLEOTIDE BINDING FOLD OF HMG-COA REDUCTASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS-MEVALONII, Biochemistry, 35(37), 1996, pp. 11945-11950
The 102-residue small domain of the 428-residue NAD(H)-dependent HMG-C
oA reductase of Pseudomonas mevalonii (EC 1.1.1.88), binds NAD(H) at a
distinctive, non-Rossmann dinucleotide binding fold. The three-dimens
ional structure reveals that Asp146 lies close to the 2'-OH of NAD(+).
To investigate the role of this residue in determination of coenzyme
specificity, Asp 146 was mutated to Ala, Gly, Ser, and Asn. The mutant
enzymes were analyzed for their ability to catalyze the oxidative acy
lation of mevalonate to HMG-CoA using either the natural coenzyme NAD(
+) or the alternate coenzyme NADP(+). Mutation of Asp146 to Ala or Gly
increased the specificity for NADP(+), expressed as the ratio of k(ca
t)/K-m for NADP(+) to k(cat)/K-m for NAD(+), 1200-fold (enzyme D146G)
and 6700-fold (enzyme D146A). Mutation of Asp 146 was accompanied by 5
65-fold (D146G) and 330-fold (D146A) increases in k(cat)/K-m for NADP(
+) and 2-fold (D146G) and 20-fold (D146A) decreases in k(cat)/K-m for
NAD(+). To further improve NADP(+) specificity, Gln147, Leu148, Leu149
, or Thr192 of enzyme D146G or D146A was replaced by lysine or arginin
e, which could stabilize the 2'-phosphate of NADP(+). Enzymes D146G/T1
92K, D146G/T192R, D146G/L148K, D146A/L148K, and D146A/L148R exhibited
3200-, 4500-, 56 000-, 72 000-, and 83 000-fold increases in the speci
ficity for NADP(+) relative to the wild-type enzyme.