E. Culea et al., MAGNETIC-BEHAVIOR OF XGD(2)O(3)CENTER-DOT(1-X)NA2O-CENTER-DOT-2B(2)O(3) GLASSES, Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, 158, 1996, pp. 163-164
Magnetic susceptibility and EPR data for xGd(2)O(3) .(1-x)Na2O . 2B(2)
O(3) glasses indicate Gd3+ ions localized at three types of sites rand
omly distributed in the host glass. Weak antiferromagnetic interaction
s between Gd3+ ions generate Gd-O-Gd dimers and clusters.