DAMAGE TO MAN-MADE ISLANDS CAUSED BY THE 1995 HYOGO-KEN NANBU EARTHQUAKE

On January 17, 1995, a severe earthquake struck Kobe City and surround ing regions. The earthquake catered extensive damage to building, life line systems transportation, and port facilities, including large-scal e earth structures, e.g., man-made islands. All the piers on the man-m ade islands were damaged. The damage to the piers was mostly due to th e lateral displacement of concrete caissons during the severe ground s haking Consequently, the apron fell down in the cave produced by the m ovement of the caisson. The lateral displacement of the concrete caiss ons was about 7 m at maximum, and the settlement of the apron pall was about 3 m at maximum. The settlement of breakwaters was in a range be tween 1 and 2 m. Some of the breakwaters sank into the sea. Liquefacti on occurred in a wide area of Port Island, but we observed that most f ailures of the piers were not necessarily due to the liquefaction of t he reclaimed materials.