The HIV epidemic provides continued impetus for effective sexual healt
h promotion. Sexual health promotion in nursing practice has tradition
ally been equated to prevention at primary, secondary and tertiary lev
els. Increasing demands on practitioners to address the psycho-social
aspects of sexual health, together with a greater emphasis on primary
prevention, is leading to the adoption of theoretical paradigms from t
he behavioural sciences and the increasing use of counselling skills.
The limitations of individualist interventions for primary prevention
are explored, and the assumption that health care professionals are ef
fective promoters of sexual health is questioned. The importance of pl
acing sexual health and nursing practice within a wider social, politi
cal and cultural context is emphasized.