A detailed ultrastructural description of the cellular variant of cong
enital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is presented and compared to the cla
ssical form. Studied were 9 cases of the cellular variant, 6 mixed (ce
llular/classical) tumors, and 1 classical CMN. The occurrence of a bro
ad selection of ultrastructural features was assessed using a semiquan
titative scoring system. The results indicate that cellular CMNs are c
omposed mainly of primitive mesenchymal cells, but also usually contai
n varying numbers of differentiating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. T
his entity thus bears a closer resemblance at the ultrastructural leve
l of organization to infantile fibrosarcoma than to conventional fibro
sarcoma. Electron microscopy can be useful in distinguishing this rela
tively benign entity from the several malignancies with which it is so
metimes confused.