Asw. Retraubun et al., SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS AFFECTING SEDIMENT TURNOVER BY THE LUGWORM ARENICOLA-MARINA (L), Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 201(1-2), 1996, pp. 23-35
There were substantial differences in the amounts of sediment reworked
by Arenicola mal ina (lugworms) on different parts of the shore and a
t different times of the year. The amounts were affected by the densit
y, distribution and movement of worms. Rates of cast production were a
lso important, and they were affected by the nature of the substrate a
nd temperature. The production of casts occurred at regular intervals
during periods of high activity.