The combined forces of the lair: population growth, and increasing con
sumption require that pulp and paper companies continually improve the
ir environmental performance, even to avoid increasing harm to the env
ironment. An effective environmental management system is the most cos
t-effective way to do this. It will only be effective, however, if top
management understands it and has thr resolve to make it work. Sugges
tions and examples are given.