Jd. Russell et C. Leach, BETA-CONDUCTIVITY CONTRAST AT BARIUM-TITANATE THERMISTOR GRAIN-BOUNDARIES, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 16(10), 1996, pp. 1035-1039
Barium titanate based PTC thermistor materials have been examined usin
g the conductive mode of a scanning electron microscope. Under an appl
ied voltage bias, at temperatures above the Curie temperature, bright
and dark lines which are due to p-conductivity appear coincident with
grain boundaries. The mechanisms of contrast formation are discussed.
Such contrast can be used to evaluate the distribution of this type of
active grain boundary. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited.