A vital measure for global warming policy is the marginal impact of a
tonne of carbon emitted to the atmosphere. In economic terms, this val
ue corresponds to the carbon tax level needed to internalize the exter
nalities associated with climate change. This study re-evaluates the m
arginal impact of CO2 emissions in the light of new scientific and eco
nomic understanding of the cooling effects of sulphate aerosols and oz
one depletion, the regional distribution of global warming damages, no
n-linearity in damage as a function of temperature rise and the approp
riate discount rate. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.