Dm. Guldi et al., STABLE MONOLAYERS AND LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS OF FUNCTIONALIZED FULLERENES, Journal of physical chemistry, 99(50), 1995, pp. 17673-17676
C-60, derivatized by the bis(ethyl), 4a, the bis(n-propyl), 4b, the bi
s(dodecyl), 4c, and the bis(triethyeleneglycol monomethyl ether), 4d,
esters of malonic acid was spread on water surfaces in a Langmuir film
balance. The formation of high quality and stable monolayers and Lang
muir-Blodgett films, with transfer ratios close to unity, was demonstr
ated only from 4d by determinations of the surface pressure vs surface
area isotherms, absorption spectra, and the Brewster angle and atomic
force microscopic images.