OUTWARD AND INWARD DIRECTED AGGRESSIVENESS - THE INTERACTION BETWEEN VIOLENCE AND SUICIDALITY

This paper examines the relations and interactions between suicidality and violence. It reviews the recent literature indicating that more t han 40 variables have been identified as risk factors for suicide, Evi dence is presented to indicate that the differences between suicide at tempters and suicide completers are a matter of degree, and that most conclusions that apply to one also apply to the other. A review of the recent literature on violence revealed that 37 variables are risk fac tors for violence and that 23 of them are risk factors for suicide as well. Evidence indicates that at least 17 variables have been identifi ed as protective factors that decrease the risk of both suicide and vi olence. These considerations and others have led to the development of a Two-Stage Model of Countervailing Forces that systematically relate s suicide to violence.