PULSED GRADIENT NMR MEASUREMENTS AND NUMERICAL-SIMULATION OF FLOW VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN SPHERE PACKINGS

The displacement of water molecules associated with the flow of water inside a nonconsolidated packing of 800 mu m OD glass spheres has been measured by a pulsed gradient NMR technique. Using a stimulated spin- echo sequence, mean displacements of up to 300 mu m corresponding to m easurement times of up to 200 ms can be analyzed. The measurement can be quantitatively calibrated using the pure molecular self-diffusion o f water at zero flow conditions. For molecular displacements much smal ler than the pore size, the distribution of the flow velocity componen t along the mean how direction is determined at Reynolds numbers high enough so that longitudinal molecular diffusion is negligible. An expo nential decay of the probability distribution of the displacements is observed at large distances. The results are very similar to those obt ained by numerical solution of the Stokes equation in random sphere pa ckings. At longer displacement distances, a secondary peak of the disp lacement distribution is observed: It is interpreted as the first step toward the transition toward classical dispersion at displacements mu ch larger than the pore size. The influence of molecular diffusion and of the heterogeneities of the magnetic permeability also are discusse d. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.