Ho. Portner, COORDINATION OF METABOLISM, ACID-BASE REGULATION AND HEMOCYANIN FUNCTION IN CEPHALOPODS, Marine behaviour and physiology, 25(1-3), 1994, pp. 131-148
The role of cephalopod haemocyanins in oxygen transport is analysed in
the light of the coordination of metabolism, acid-base regulation and
gas exchange processes Results obtained in squid, the most active amo
ng cephalopod species, indicate that the pH dependence of their haemoc
yanin supports a Po-2-buffer function for the pigment. The release of
base equivalents from the tissue during aerobic exercise and the minim
al release of protons during anaerobic octopine formation protect arte
rial pH and, thus, oxygen binding. The extent of respiratory acidifica
tion and haemocyanin deoxygenation on the venous side is higher in blo
od returning from the mantle than From the head. In vivo blood gas mea
surements reported for squid and for other cephalopod species support
the conclusion that CO2 accumulation and respiratory acidification of
the blood occur in excess of the effect expected from the consumption
of haemocyanin bound O-2 and RQ values derived from protein catabolism
. This suggests that a considerable fraction of the oxygen consumed by
the animal enters via the skin, especially in the mantle. Model calcu
lations demonstrate that skin O-2 uptake in the mantle increases durin
g activity in squid. In other cephalopod species like cuttlefish, the
special process of arterial CO2 binding to oxygenated haemocyanin and
its release during venous deoxygenation may provide the excess CO2 req
uired For venous acidification. All of these processes allow the class
ical Bohr effect to function supporting oxygen loading at the gills an
d oxygen unloading in the tissues. The large pH-dependent cooperativit
y and the Bohr effect combine to maximize the Po-2-buffer function of
the respiratory pigment. These adaptations probably evolved after the
ancestors of modern cephalopods lost their shells and locomotor activi
ty assumed a greater role in their lifestyle.