BLADDER-CANCER

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in England and Wales. The most common presenting symptom is macroscopic haematuria. The mana gement options for superficial and invasive bladder cancer depend on t he stage at presentation. Most superficial bladder cancers are managed by transurethral resection and cytoscopic follow-up. The prognosis fo r patients with invasive bladder cancer is less good. The roles of che mical, radiotherapeutic and surgical intervention are discussed.