It is shown that the Peierls vector integral of motion can be extended
such that it applies also to anharmonic phonon systems, provided they
remain translationally invariant. This hints at the possibility of ba
llistic transport. In the classical regime it is in agreement with the
existence of propagating solitons in the Toda and the Fermi-Pasta-Ula
m chains. For quantal energy transport it provides new aspects for the
concept of Umklapp scattering and, as regards energy transport in dis
ordered materials, for speculations about a possible constructive role
of anharmonicity.