SIMULATION OF CLIMATE-CHANGE WITH INFRARED HEATERS REDUCES THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOLIUM-PERENNE L IN SUMMER

Field-grown perennial ryegrass was subjected to climate warming and el evated CO2 concentration during summer in free air conditions (no encl osure of the vegetation). Increased foliage temperature (2.5 degrees C above fluctuating ambient) was induced by heating the stand with infr ared radiation sources, modulated by an electronic control device (FAT I, Free Air Temperature Increase). Enhanced CO2 was produced by a FACE system (Free Air CO2 Enrichment). Exposure to simulated climate warmi ng drastically reduced above-ground harvestable dry matter (52% loss). The nitrogen allocated to the leaf fraction was thus concentrated int o less dry matter, which enhanced the nitrogen concentration on a mass basis (+17%) but also per unit leaf area (+47%). As a consequence, CO , assimilation rates were not affected in these slower growing plants in the +2.5 degrees C treatment, and the photochemical efficiency of n on-cyclic electron transport of photosystem II was also unaffected. Al though the plants were grown in the field without root restrictions, l ong-term exposure to elevated CO, concentration induced noticeable acc limation of the photosynthetic apparatus (40% loss of fixation potenti al), which largely outweighed the direct stimulation in this summer pe riod. Part of the reduced rates could be attributed to lower N concent ration on a leaf area basis. The results are compared with responses o f this species in sunlit conditioned greenhouses, which indicates that experiments in enclosures may underestimate effects in the field. Thi s also emphasizes the need to validate other plant responses to climat e warming and CO2 enrichment in free air conditions.