A poor economic outlook and greater competition are forcing industry t
o introduce greater efficiency and more flexibility into production pr
ocesses. This also includes greater plant flexibility in order to meet
the changing demands of the customer. With relatively high operating
costs, this is the only way that long-term plant capacity and operatio
n can be maintained. Plant designers and operators are looking for way
s to identify and tap this potential for efficiency and cost reduction
. Traditional concepts of plant design, commissioning and operation ar
e being very closely examined with instrumentation at the field level
looked at critically. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.