EARLY DESCRIPTIONS OF HORNERS MUSCLE AND THE LACRIMAL PUMP

Horner's muscle (musculus orbicularis oculi pars lacrimalis or tensor tarsi) was first discovered by the French anatomist and surgeon, Jacqu es-Francois-Marie Duverney. In 1730 his student, Johann Caspar Schobin ger, gave priority to Duverney and postulated muscular aid in an activ e drainage of rears. In 1745 Duverney first published his own anatomic description and the first illustration of this muscle. Credit for J.- F.-M. Duverney's discovery has often been erroneously given to his old er brother, Joseph-Guichard Duverney. Subsequent anatomic descriptions by Johann Rosenmuller, William Horner, and others also included hypot heses about the physiology of a lacrimal pump. More recent theories ab out a lacrimal pump, such as those of Adler, Jones, Doane, and others, have their origins in these earlier writings.