Rd. Duncan et al., CHILDHOOD PHYSICAL ASSAULT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR PTSD, DEPRESSION, ANDSUBSTANCE-ABUSE - FINDINGS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY, American journal of orthopsychiatry, 66(3), 1996, pp. 437-448
A national sample of adult women was screened for a history of serious
physical assault in childhood, major depressive episode, post-traumat
ic stress disorder, and substance abuse. Approximately 2.6% reported h
aving experienced serious assaults in childhood, with fathers and step
fathers identified as having been the most frequent offenders. Compare
d to women reporting no such victimization, these women experienced mo
re lifetime and current episodes of depression, posttraumatic stress,
and substance abuse.