Pseudotumor cerebri or idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a neuro
logical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of intracranial h
ypertension without clinical and radiological evidence of infective or
space occupying lesions. Iatrogenic factors are frequent; in particul
ar, cases of Pseudotumor cerebri associated with all-trans-retinoic ac
id treatment in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have been frequentl
y described in pediatric patients. We review the literature and give d
iagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.