In an effort to make explicit methodological principles in the logic o
f inquiry of post-Soviet studies, this article examines and critiques
positions advanced by some leading Sovietologists that (1) there is a
qualitative difference between the natural and social sciences (antina
turalism) and (2) communist regimes were somehow unique and therefore
beyond the pale of social science research methods. In addition, there
are pragmatic reasons to press the naturalist position in order to fa
cilitate the acquisition of a systematic knowledge base in the study o
f post-communist regimes and societies, The consequences of assumption
s based on scientific realism in recent methodological discussions are
also examined. Copyright (C) 1996 The Regents of the University of Ca
lifornia