FOLLOW-UP OF A HUMAN ACCIDENTAL INFECTION BY LEISHMANIA (VIANNIA) BRAZILIENSIS USING CONVENTIONAL IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION

The results of a two-year follow-up study of an accidental human infec tion with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are presented. Western blo ts, indirect immunofluorescence, and intradermal reaction assays were not able to detect the infection before week Is postinfection, whereas using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood samples, parasite DNA was detected at week 8. All test results, except the intradermal r eaction followed the cure process and 12 weeks after the last chemothe rapy injection (week 36 postinfection), all were negative. However, a year after cure, the PCR became positive again and has remained so for two years. To determine in which blood cell fraction the parasite was evident, enriched lymphocyte and monocyte fractions were assayed by t he PCR. These results are discussed in the context of persistent infec tions.