BENEFITS AND PITFALLS OF LONG-TERM RESEARCH - A CASE-STUDY OF BLACK BEARS IN GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL-PARK

Although the value of long-term studies generally is recognized, we fo und no extensive assessment of the benefits and pitfalls associated wi th such studies. We used our 28-year study of black bears (Ursus ameri canus) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) to identify the elements of long-term research that have advanced our knowledge of bla ck bear ecology and the factors that compromised our efforts. We used a consistent, annual trapping period combined with an intensive and co ntinuous effort to monitor reproduction and mortality. Our long-term p opulation estimates indicated that our interpretations of population d ynamics would have been different had the studies ended after 5 or 10 years, an illustration of how short-term views can be misleading. Othe r benefits of the long-term study related to hypothesis testing, resea rch techniques, long-term observations, use of stored samples and data , technology transfer, and practical applications. The main problems w e encountered in sustaining this research were interpreting results, m aintaining research funding, finding appropriate study areas, maintain ing communication with cooperators, dealing with large datasets, and m aintaining consistency, continuity, and creativity. We recommend that The Wildlife Society prepare a position statement on the value of long -term studies.