Psychological stress is extremely high in patients with oncological di
seases. About 50 % of all cancer patients show psychological signs and
symptoms which are related to the multiple stress factors of their on
cological illness. Although many psychological problems connected with
cancer are well known, additional acute stress could result from new
therapeutic strategies which require settings similar to intensive car
e, e.g. bone marrow transplantation. For 2 years the Department of Psy
chiatry in Innsbruck has provided a ''liaison service'' at the Departm
ent of Bone Marrow Transplantation. Within this observation period, 40
patients have received psychooncological care. The diagnostic distrib
ution according to DSM III-R and specific psychooncological interventi
ons are presented.