In addition to B cells, CD40 is expressed by a variety of cells includ
ing dendritic cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial c
ells. As discussed here by Robert Stout and Jill Suttles, CD40-CD40 li
gand interactions can influence many aspects of T-cell-mediated inflam
matory response, such as cell extravasation, production of inflammator
y and chemotactic cytokines, as well as activation of macrophage effec
tor functions.