Macrophages can kill target cells independent of conventional immune s
pecificity. Based on a re-examination of literature three decades old
and recent experiments, Antonios Aliprantis and colleagues propose tha
t macrophages kill target cells by inducing apoptosis. For this purpos
e, macrophages employ a selection of pro-apoptotic mediators including
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and tumour necrosis factor alpha
.