THE USE OF MULTIPLE OUTCOMES IN STRESS RESEARCH - A CASE-STUDY OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO MARITAL DISSOLUTION

This study tests the hypothesis that the use of a single outcome varia ble distorts the mental health consequences of a stressor among differ ent social groups. It uses the example of-the impact of marital dissol ution on the mental health of-men and women to see whether rates of de pression and alcohol problems rise disproportionately among women and men, respectively, who experience the same type of stressor. The sampl e compares 465 married subjects with 127 separated or divorced subject s drawn from a longitudinal study of 25-, 28-, and 31-year-olds. With controls for earlier rates of depression and alcohol problems, as well as for secondary, stressors connected with separation and divorce, wo men undergoing marital dissolution show significantly greater increase s in rates of depression compared to men who experience this stressor. Although men report far more alcohol problems than women, rates of th ese problems do not increase disproportionately among men, compared to women, during marital dissolution. The results indicate that the use of gender-typical mental health outcomes reduce, but do not eliminate, gender differences in the response to marital dissolution. They also indicate the need to use outcomes that typify hole each group under st udy responds to stressful social conditions.