Discrete time positive systems have been the object of widespread inte
rest in the literature. In the last decade particular attention has be
en devoted to the analysis and characterization of the different notio
ns of reachability and controllability which, in this context, make th
eir appearance. In this paper, the properties of (ordinary and essenti
al) controllability and reachability are analysed. Based on a graph-th
eoretic approach, we provide practical criteria to verify whether a gi
ven positive system (F, G) is endowed with these properties, together
with canonical forms for describing reachable/controllable pairs.