Tj. Orzechowski et al., THE ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY OF A MIXTURE OF GOLD AND GADOLINIUM AT HIGH-TEMPERATURES, Physical review letters, 77(17), 1996, pp. 3545-3548
Radiation transport through high-opacity materials can be described us
ing the Rosseland mean opacity of the medium, which is dominated by lo
w-opacity regions in the frequency-dependent: opacity. By mixing gold
and gadolinium, we can fill in low-opacity regions of one material;wit
h high-opacity regions of another material, resulting in a material wi
th a Rosseland mean opacity 1.5x higher than either of the constituent
s. For a given laser energy, this can raise the temperature of the las
er heated hohlraums, or for a given desired temperature, require less
laser energy.