COMPUTING ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF HEAVY-METALS OVER EUROPE - COUNTRY BUDGETS FOR 1985

The Heavy Metal Eulerian Transport (HMET) model has been used to calcu late the exchange of As, Cd, Pb and Zn between European countries in 1 985. The model was run separately for each emitter country and the com puted deposition field was used to calculate the contribution of the e mitter to each receptor country. The results of these computations are presented in the form of a country budget matrix for each metal. Accu racy of such computations is dependant on the size and linearity of th e numerical method applied to the transport equation. Exchange of heav y metals due to atmospheric transport over Europe is significant. Appr oximately 30% to 90% of the heavy metals emitted from each country is deposited in other countries. The remaining mass is deposited in Europ ean seas, Atlantic Ocean and transported outside the model domain. The largest part of the emission from each country is deposited in the sa me country. The next largest fraction is transported to the nearest ne ighbors. The results indicate also a significant long range ransport o f heavy metals to the Soviet Union. This is partly justified by the si ze and location of this receptor country, as well as, the prevailing m eteorological conditions in Europe. However, this large transport to U SSR is slightly overestimated due to some artificial properties of the numerical method applied to basic model equations. In addition to the country budget, export versus import and emission versus deposition o f metals were analyzed for each country. The largest positive differen ce between export and import was found for Poland, German Federal Repu blic and Yugoslavia (As, Cd and Zn), and United Kingdom, Italy and Bel gium (Pb). The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia are the countries where import of all metals is significantly larger than export. When emissi on versus deposition of heavy metals is analyzed, the Soviet Union has much higher emissions than deposition of all metals compared to other European countries.