During the decade 1985-94, 158 individuals (124 males, 34 females) wit
h HIV/AIDS were seen at the AIDS clinic of Hadassah University Hospita
l. They comprised 10% of the total reported number of HIV-infected Isr
aelis and included 6% of all reported HIV-infected Ethiopians and all
HIV-infected West Bank Palestinians. Most individuals (82%) were self-
referred; 12% were detected through the local HIV screening clinic. Ri
sk groups for AIDS were homo/bisexuality (39%), heterosexual relations
(30%), intravenous drug abuse (15%), contaminated blood transfusions
(9%), born to HIV+ mothers (1%), and hemophilia (<1%). In 5% (all male
s) no risk factor was given. Of the 158 individuals 29 were Ethiopian
immigrants, 25 West Bank Palestinians, and the rest were local Israeli
s and tourists. Of the 34 females seen, 21 acquired HIV heterosexually
, 6 were intravenous drug abusers, 5 were recipients of contaminated t
ransfusions, and 2 were infants. An initial clinical presentation with
full-blown AIDS was observed in 30% of the individuals. The range of
clinical presentations was similar to that seen in western countries,
with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, mycoba
cterial infections and Kaposi's sarcoma seen most frequently. One case
of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis was observed. The mortality r
ate during the follow-up was 55%. In 35% of individuals the immediate
cause of death was severe bacterial infections. The Palestinian subpop
ulation presented at an advanced stage of the disease with a high inci
dence of transfusion recipients, while most HIV-infected Ethiopians pr
esented with asymptomatic disease transmitted heterosexually. HIV/AIDS
as seen at Hadassah University Hospital during 1985-94 exhibited the
mixed form of Euro-American AIDS with additional facets of recently in
troduced African infection.