GREEDY SCALE, HEMIBERLESIA-RAPAX (HEMIPTERA, DIASPIDIDAE), PHENOLOGY ON KIWIFRUIT LEAVES AND WOOD

Greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock)) populations at Whangarei, New Zealand were monitored at regular intervals on unsprayed kiwifrui t (Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deli ciosa) wood and leaves from 1984 to 1989 to obtain detailed stage-spec ific phenological information. The relationship between relative abund ance of each scale stage and Julian day or degree-day accumulation (>9 .3 degrees C) were determined using a Bayesian smoothing programme. Tw o scale generations, summer and winter, were readily discernible. Ther e was close agreement between the phenology of scale on wood and leave s. However, because of senescence and abscission in autumn there was o nly a partial winter generation of scale on leaves. Synchrony of stage -specific events was enhanced using degree-day accumulations rather th an Julian days, particularly for the winter generation. Estimates of s tage-specific peaks and troughs for crawlers, white caps (first instar ), yellow caps (second instar), black caps (third instar), and mature scale are given in the paper and have a mean standard error (SE) of 10 Julian days or 38 degree-days (>9.3 degrees C). Mean generation inter vals for scale on wood and leaves were 1022 (SE 18) and 1114 (SE 53) d egree-days respectively.