LACTATIONAL PASSAGE OF FUSARIC ACID FROM THE FEED OF NURSING DAMS TO THE NEONATE RAT AND EFFECTS ON PINEAL NEUROCHEMISTRY IN THE F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS AT WEANING

Fusaric acid is produced by several species of Fusarium and is found i n corn, corn-based foods and leeds, wheat, barley, and other cereal gr ains. Given parenterally to rats, the mycotoxin affects neurochemical parameters in the pineal gland associated with growth and maturation. Since little information exists concerning the dietary effects of fusa ric acid, the mycotoxin was mixed with feed at 10, 75, and 200 ppm and fed ad libitum to pregnant rats (F0 dams) from d 11-12 of gestation, through parturition and weaning (F1 generation). On d 4 postpartum, F1 pups were culled to 9-10 pups/litter; the stomach colostrum was colle cted from the culls and analyzed for fusaric acid. The mycotoxin in th e colostrum (ng fusaric acid/100 mg colostrum) was directly related to the amount consumed by the nursing dams (i.e., 200 ppm pups, 3547 ng; 75 ppm pups, 1449 ng; 10 ppm pups, 80 ng; controls pups, 18 ng). All other animals survived and appeared normal, healthy, and in good pelag e. F0 dam feed consumption and dam and pup weights were not statistica lly different, but there was an inverse relation between pup average w eight gain and amount of fusaric acid in the diets (i.e., weight gains : control pup > 10 ppm pup > 75 ppm pups > 200 ppm pups). At weaning, the F1 pups were randomly assigned to two groups per treatment: one gr oup (F1A) for reproduction and fusaric acid effects on the F2 generati on, and another group (F1B) for neurochemical comparisons. The F1A rat s were maintained on their respective diets to age 13-14 wk; animals w ere bred (i.e., control males x control females, 10 ppm x 10 ppm, etc. ) and the F1A dams and F2 pups were monitored as already described Wei ght gains and fusaric acid in stomach colostrum from the F2-culls were analogous to the F1 generation. On d 5-6 and 7-8 postpartum, using li tter weight gains as an indication of milk production in the F1A dams (controls vs. 200 ppm), the controls gained 32.5% (p < .01) and 13.3% (p < .02), respectively, more than 200 ppm F2 pups. At weaning, no dif ferences were observed in neurochemicals in the pineal gland for the F 1 generation. However, in the FZ 200 ppm male and female weanlings, fu saric acid decreased pineal serotonin (males, p less than or equal to .001; females, p less than or equal to .15) and tyrosine (males, p les s than or equal to .04; females, p less than or equal to .07). The res ults indicate fusaric acid in diets at less than or equal to 0.3 ppm t ie., background control diet) lactationally passes from nursing dams t o the neonate; in weanlings, at 200 ppm, fusaric acid decreases pineal serotonin and tyrosine. The data also suggest limited neonate weight gains may be related to either decreased milk production in dams or my cotoxin effects on the neonate. This is the first report of fusaric ac id's lactational passage from the feed of nursing dams to neonates and the oral suppression of pineal serotonin and tyrosine in offspring.