IS BREAST-FEEDING BENEFICIAL AND MATERNAL SMOKING HARMFUL TO THE COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN

The effects of breastfeeding on cognitive, visuomotor and language dev elopment were examined in healthy children born at full term, after th ey had reached 56 months of age. Three hundred and sixty-three childre n were breastfed for less than 5 months, and 363 for 5 months or more. The groups were matched pairwise having regard to maternal education and sex of the child. Significant differences were found in relation t o scores reflecting general cognitive capacity, and the results of the visuomotor integration test between children breastfed for less than 5 months and those breastfed for 5 months or more, and between childre n of mothers who had smoked during pregnancy and non-smoking mothers. In multiple linear regression analysis prolonged breastfeeding was sig nificantly related to scores reflecting general cognitive capacity and results of the visuomotor integration test. However, smoking by mothe rs during pregnancy was not significantly related to scores in cogniti ve tests. Biological factors. and factors such as lifestyle and social background, may be more important determinants of a child's developme nt than breastfeeding.