During the past 8 years a large number of clinical studies have provid
ed sufficient evidence that once-a-day dosing of aminoglycosides is pr
eferable to the conventional multiple-dairy dosing. Certain patient ca
tegories (children, neutropenic patients, cystic fibrosis patients) an
d specific infections (endocarditis) have, however, not been extensive
ly evaluated. Other current issues with regard to once-a-day regimens
are how to adjust the daily dose in patients with renal failure, and h
ow to monitor therapy.