Two homologous series of polymers based on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
have been prepared by chemical reduction of PVC with lithium aluminum
tetrahydride and by chemical substitution of PVC with sodium benzeneth
iolate. The general formula for both series of copolymers is (CH2CHCl)
(m)-(CH2-CHX)(n), with X = H or SC6H5 for the first or second reaction
, respectively, and n varying from 0 to 50% or more. The microstructur
e of both series of copolymers has been analyzed in terms of stereoreg
ularity and chemical composition distribution by C-13- and H-1-NMR spe
ctroscopy. It is found that, for a given copolymer composition in both
series, the chain length is the same and Cl atoms from isotactic and
atactic placements are preferentially eliminated. Gels of these-two se
ries of copolymers of different molar composition were prepared at sev
eral concentrations in a Series of diester like solvents, varying the
acid and alcohol size of the diester. The viscoelastic properties of t
hese gels using parallel-plate shear and tensile compression modes wer
e evaluated asa function of temperature. The storage moduli were analy
zed using different new theories proposed for the elasticity of gels:
those of Clark and Ross-Murphy and of Jones and Marques. These results
provide evidence for an enthalpic origin of the elasticity of PVC gel
s. This interpretation is in agreement with the results obtained from
small-angle neutron scattering for both series of gels in deuterated d
iethyl oxalate, in which a fiber-like structure for PVC gels is assume
d.