ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE ON CYTOEVOLUTION IN LOBELIOIDEAE (CAMPANULACEAE)

The Lobelioideae is a cosmopolitan group whose cytoevolution is discus sed on a model of primitively high diploid chromosome numbers, in whic h x = 14 is relatively plesiomorphic and x = 21 may be even more plesi omorphic. This model is suggested from the high frequency of lobelioid genera with x = 14, the probably plesiomorphic condition of x = 17 in the sister group Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae). and the primitive x = 15 in Stylidiaceae (Campanulales). It contrasts with that for a prim itive x = 7 and paleopolyploidy to higher chromosome numbers. In our a nalysis, the genus Lobelia shows three broad cytoevolutionary groups, which probably have phylogenetic and infrageneric taxonomic significan ce: (1) woody diploids with s = 21 in Chile and woody diploids with x = 14 in Africa, Asia, and Hawaii: (2) herbaceous diploids with several series of dysploid chromosome numbers n = 19, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7 , 6, mainly in Africa and Australia; (3) widespread and speciose herba ceous taxa based on a very derived n = 7, with recent frequent euploid rises (neopolyploidy) at or below the species level in subgenus Lobel ia and allied or segregate genera. Other woody and herbaceous lobeliad genera have comparable cytoevolutionary patterns. New chromosome coun ts Cor Australian Lobelia, Pratia, and Isotoma illustrate the last two cytoevolutionary groups.