T. Unruh et al., GREEN PEACH APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) RESISTANCE TO ENDOSULFAN IN PEACH AND NECTARINE ORCHARDS IN WASHINGTON-STATE, Journal of economic entomology, 89(5), 1996, pp. 1067-1073
The insecticides esfenvalerate, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan were used
in diagnostic dose assays with clonal populations of the green peach a
phid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), collected as fundatrices from peach and
nectarine orchards near Yakima and the Tri Cities in Washington State
. Frequency distributions of clonal mortalities were unimodal for esfe
nvalerate and chlorpyrifos. In contrast, a distinctly multimodal distr
ibution of clonal mortalities was observed for endosulfan, which indic
ates the presence of 2 or more classes of insecticide tolerance. Dose-
response lines for 4 clones chosen for their responses in the diagnost
ic doses study showed resistance ratios of 16-26 for endosulfan. These
ratios are high enough to explain occasionally reported field failure
s of endosulfan. Dose-response lines for 6 clones to esfenvalerate sho
wed small resistance ratios (maximum, 3.2) and were inconsistent with
resistance levels of practical significance. There was no correlation
within clones in their responses to endosulfan or esfenvalerate compar
ed with chlorpyrifos but there was a slight, but significant, correlat
ion in responses to endosulfan and esfenvalerate. It appears that the
mechanism of resistance to the cyclodiene insecticide, endosulfan is n
ovel and not gene amplification of carboxylesterase E4.