Universal curves are constructed that provide an immediate determinati
on of the effect of a series resistor on the electron emission from a
held emitter. These curves are applicable to both the low current and
high current regime. The effects of space charge and of the series res
istor are apparent from these curves, which are applicable to a large
class of materials. An example is given to illustrate their use. (C) 1
996 American Institute of Physics.