Hm. Darwish et Hf. Deluca, ANALYSIS OF BINDING OF THE 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 RECEPTOR TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE VITAMIN-D RESPONSE ELEMENTS, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 334(2), 1996, pp. 223-234
The binding of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 receptor to the vitamin D
response elements (VDREs) in the rat osteocalcin (OSC-DRE), mouse ost
eopontin (MOP-DRE), rat calbindin D-9k (CaBP-DRE), and human parathyro
id hormone genes (PTH-DRE) was studied. Binding of VDR to the three po
sitive VDREs is cooperative. The degree of cooperativity is highest wi
th the calbindin VDRE compared with either the OSC-DRE or the MOP-DRE.
This cooperativity is largely absent in the case of the negative elem
ent, the I?TH-I)RE. The VDR binds in order of decreasing affinity to P
TH-I)RE > OSC-DRE = MOP-DRE > CaBP-DRE. Thus, the greatest affinity is
associated with the lowest degree of cooperativity. Further study has
revealed that the PTH-VDRE actually consists of two repeat elements l
ike all other VDREs and is not a single six-base sequence. A nuclear f
actor has also been found that binds downstream from the GGTTCA elemen
t in the PTH promoter. The binding site of this factor overlaps the PT
H-DRE nucleotide sequence. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.