HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY AND THE OUTCOME OF HEAD-UP TILT IN SYNCOPAL CHILDREN

Neurocardiogenic syncope may be caused by enhanced sympathetic activit y evoking a vasodepressor-cardioinhibitory reflex. Heart rate variabil ity (HRV) methods can be used to assess the modulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. To determine whether HRV measurements ar e related to the outcome of head-up tilt testing (HUT), we studied 29 syncopal patients aged 7-19 y. After 30 min supine, patients were tilt ed to 80 degrees for 30 min or until syncope occurred. Sequential beat s free from ectopy were analyzed. Time domain indices included SD (SDN N), root mean square successive differences (RMSSD), percent exceeding 50 ms (pNN50). An autoregressive model was used to calculate power sp ectra. Low frequency power (LFP, 0.05-0.15 Hz), high frequency power ( HFP, 0.15-0.40 Hz), and total power (TP, 0.01-0.40 Kz) were compared b efore and after tilt. Data were obtained supine before tilt (baseline) , within 5 min after HUT (early), 5-10 min after HUT (mid), and 15 min after HUT or presyncope (late). Seventeen patients fainted (HUT+), an d 12 patients did not (HUT-). Variability indices were different for H UT- and HUT+ at baseline: SDNN was 123 +/- 17 versus 78 +/- 6, RMSSD w as 127 +/- 23 versus 63 +/- 6 ms, pNN50 was 51 +/- 6 versus 31 +/- 4: respectively. Spectral data demonstrated decreased HFP and TP in HUT(834 +/- 133 and 2855 +/- 420 ms(2)) versus HUT- (3433 +/- 840 and 706 2 +/- 1500). With tilt, SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 decreased proportionate ly in HUT- and HUT+. However, sympathovagal balance, measured by the r atio LFP/HFP and by normalized LFP, was markedly increased in HUT+ (2. 2 +/- 0.7 and 0.43 +/- 0.03) compared with HUT- (0.8 +/- 0.2 and 0.31 +/- 0.02) at baseline and differences increased with tilt. With syncop e, sympathetic activity decreased, and parasympathetic activity increa sed, Decreased RR variability with decreased parasympathetic activity and increased indices of sympathovagal balance before HUT predict a po sitive tilt test in children referred for evaluation of neurocardiogen ic syncope.