Production of muons and neutrinos in cosmic ray interactions with the
atmosphere has been investigated with Monte Carlo models for hadronic
interactions. The resulting conventional muon and neutrino fluxes (fro
m pi and K decays) agree well with earlier calculations, whereas our p
rompt fluxes from charm decays are significantly lower than earlier es
timates. Charm production is mainly considered as a well defined pertu
rbative QCD process, but we also investigate a hypothetical non-pertur
bative intrinsic charm component in the proton, The lower charm rate i
mplies better prospects for detecting very high energy neutrinos from
cosmic sources.