THE PERFORMANCE OF PIGTAILED ANNEALED PROTON-EXCHANGE LINBO3 MODULATORS AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES

Integrated optic modulators have been proposed for transmitting signal s from electronic and electrooptic devices which must operate at 77 K and colder. In this letter, the V pi of LiNbO3 modulators at temperatu res as cold as 10 K are measured. A similar to 9.25% increase over roo m temperature values is seen. This increase is attributed primarily to a temperature dependence in r(33). In addition, temperature-induced i nsertion loss changes are evaluated for two different pigtailing techn iques and one is shown to be suitable for cryogenic operation.