FINITE-ELEMENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLASS MANUFACTURING CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION .2. BLOWING, PRESSING AND CENTRIFUGING OF HOLLOW ITEMS

In Part I finite element models were used to find solutions during the forming of flat glass products by analysing the influence of temperat ure and corner radii which cause limitations to current manufacturing methods. In Part 2 numerical simulations solve manufacturing problems during blowing, centrifuging and the extrusion of hollow glass items: in blowing, the influence of the temperature and pressure distribution s are analysed for the final thickness of the item, for centrifuging, under thickness and radius constraints of a reference final glass plat e, the off centring limits are numerically determined. Finally, for th e pressing of an insulator; the necessary presence of an added feeder is confirmed by the finite element distributions of the strain rate in the item and the evolution of the pressing force.