Pulmonary blastoma is a rare malignant tumor. A new case is reported i
n a 3 years 6 month-old girl. An appearant clinical remission was firs
t obtained after a surgical treatment followed by a conventional chemo
therapy during six months. Afterwards the persitence of a microscopic
residual pulmonary disease lead us to deliver succesfully an intensive
chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cells reinj
ection. The child remains disease free 12 months after graft. Problems
set by the histogenesis of this tumor, its unspecific clinical and pa
raclinical features and the role of conventional and intensive chemoth
erapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation are discussed
on the basis of a review of 50 cases in the litterature.