The behaviour of particulate solids is complex and intriguing because
it involves phenomena which operate on several different scales of len
gth and time. Once this is recognized, it is obvious that particle tec
hnology must incorporate more than continuum and fluid mechanics. Beca
use research in some areas is still at the level of attempting to iden
tify the important phenomena, it is essential to design fundamental ex
periments and to try to avoid empirical characterization. Particle sci
ence has now developed to the point where it should start to impact on
other areas of intellectual enquiry and human activity.