SPINAL-CORD TERMINATIONS OF THE MEDIAL WALL MOTOR AREAS IN MACAQUE MONKEYS

We used anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish per oxidase to examine the pattern of spinal termination of efferents from the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the two caudal cingulate motor areas (CMAd and CMAV). Our analysis was limited to cervical segments of the macaque. For comparison, we also examined the pattern of termin ation of efferents from the primary motor cortex (M1). The SMA, CMAd, CMAV, and M1 all terminate in the ventral horn (lamina IX). Thus, all of these motor areas appear to have direct connections with spinal mot oneurons, particularly those innervating muscles of the fingers and wr ist. All of the motor areas also terminate in the intermediate zone of the spinal cord (laminae V-VIII). Terminations from the SMA and M1 we re densest in three regions: (1) dorsolaterally within laminae V-VII; (2) dorsomedially within lamina VI; and (3) ventromedially within lami na VII and adjacent lamina VIII. In contrast, efferents from the CMAd terminate most densely in the dorsolateral portion of the intermediate zone, whereas those from the CMAv were concentrated in the dorsomedia l region. Thus, the CMAd and CMAv may innervate distinct sets of inter neurons that project directly to motoneurons, and thereby influence sp ecific aspects of segmental motor control. These results suggest that corticospinal projections from the SMA, CMAd, and CMAv are in many res pects similar to those of efferents from M1. Consequently, each of the motor areas on the medial wall has the potential to generate and cont rol movement at the level of the spinal cord and may provide an anatom ical substrate for the recovery of motor function that follows damage to M1.